National Glaucoma Research - Current Award

	Darryl Overby, Ph.D. Imperial College London London, England Title: Role Of Inner Wall Basement Membrane In Outflow Resistance Non-Technical Title: How Does The Eye Control Its Pressure? Acknowledgements: Recipient of the Thomas R. Lee award for National Glaucoma Research Duration: April 1, 2009 - March 31, 2011 Award Type: Standard Award Amount: $100,000
Summary: What controls intraocular pressure? It is surprising that we still have no answer to this important question. The Specific Aims of our research will determine how intraocular pressure may be regulated by the basement membrane underlying the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal.

Details:

Our research investigates the mechanism of pressure regulation in the eye with the goal of determining why pressure becomes elevated in glaucoma. Our laboratory believes that if we could better understand the mechanisms controlling eye pressure, then we would be able to more successfully reduce eye pressure to treat glaucoma.

Our approach to ophthalmology is somewhat unique, and we tend to think of the eye as an engineering system. Pressure is a mechanical property, after all, and we take an engineering approach to analyzing pressure in the eye. The interesting engineering aspect is that the eye is pressurized not by a stagnant fluid, but by a fluid that is in constant flux. In fact, all the fluid in the space between your iris and cornea is replaced every 90 minutes or so. New fluid is constantly being produced in the eye to replace old fluid that is leaking out. But if the leakage becomes blocked, the fluid backs-up and the pressure builds. In general terms, this is exactly what happens when pressure increases in glaucoma. But what exactly is doing the clogging? That's the big unknown.

To understand this "blockage", we focus on the tissue that comprises the drainage path for fluid to leave the eye, and we investigate a very thin membrane that lies just underneath a layer of cells. Flow must cross this membrane to exit the eye, but the membrane is disrupted or broken in places, and it is likely that the flow passes through these breaks. We hypothesize that these breaks act to regulate the drainage, such that if the breaks are too few or too small, then drainage would be impaired and pressure would build. Specific Aim 1 of this project is to determine whether these breaks influence the patterns of flow, by examining whether flow moves towards areas with larger or more plentiful breaks. Specific Aim 2 is to measure the dimensions of these breaks so we can calculate using engineering analysis exactly how these breaks would affect flow. Both of these Aims will allow us to determine whether these breaks are important for controlling eye pressure and whether they may be involved with increased pressure associated with glaucoma.